What experiments can be conducted using tube furnaces in university laboratories?

The types of experiments that can be conducted using tube furnaces in university laboratories are very wide, covering multiple fields such as materials science, chemistry, physics, semiconductors, etc. Here are some common types of experiments:

1. Material heat treatment experiment
Annealing: Used to improve the microstructure of metal materials, enhance their plasticity and toughness. For example, annealing steel can eliminate work hardening and residual stress.
Quenching: Heating metal materials above the critical temperature and then rapidly cooling them to improve their hardness and wear resistance.
Tempering: Heating treatment is carried out after quenching to eliminate quenching stress and improve the toughness of the material.
2. Material synthesis and preparation experiments
Sintering of ceramic materials: Heating ceramic powder under vacuum or a specific atmosphere to cause bonding between particles, forming a dense ceramic body.
Preparation of nanomaterials: By controlling temperature, atmosphere, and reaction time, nanomaterials with specific structures and properties are synthesized.
Preparation of catalyst: Calcination and reduction treatment of catalyst are carried out in a tube furnace to improve its activity and selectivity.
3. Chemical reaction experiment
Organic synthesis reaction: Organic synthesis reaction at high temperature in a tube furnace to prepare organic compounds with specific structures and properties.
Preparation of inorganic compounds: By controlling temperature and atmosphere, inorganic compounds such as oxides, sulfides, etc. are synthesized.
4. Semiconductor Processing Experiment
Crystal growth: Growing semiconductor crystals through methods such as vapor deposition at specific temperatures and atmospheres.
Doping: Introducing impurity elements into semiconductor materials during crystal growth or heat treatment to alter their electrical properties.
5. Gas deposition experiment
Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD): The process of using gaseous substances to undergo chemical reactions on solid surfaces in a tube furnace, resulting in the formation of solid deposits. Widely used in fields such as semiconductors, optics, coatings, etc.
6. Sample roasting experiment
Ore roasting: Heating treatment of ore at high temperatures to extract useful elements or perform other chemical treatments.
7. Material performance testing experiment
Thermal stability test: Heat the material in a tube furnace and observe the changes in its structure and properties with temperature.
Atmosphere sensitivity test: Heat the material under different atmospheres and observe the changes in its properties.
8. Other experiments
High temperature decomposition experiment: Study the decomposition process and products of substances at high temperatures.
Gas adsorption experiment: Provide a stable high-temperature environment in a tube furnace to study the adsorption and desorption performance of materials on gases.
Summary:

The tube furnace used in university laboratories is a powerful experimental equipment that can conduct various types of experiments. By reasonably controlling parameters such as temperature, atmosphere, and reaction time, materials with specific structures and properties can be prepared, exploring the chemical changes and properties of substances, and providing strong support for research in materials science, chemistry, physics, semiconductors, and other fields.